buy custom Enron essay

buy custom Enron essay Introduction Enron was a giant energy company that was based in Texas, USA. It was the leading company in the provision of electricity and natural gas, and was then named as the most innovative company until the revelation of its substantial financial reporting and systematic fraud of its accounting processes had been highly institutionalized. The revelations of the scandal lead to the fall of its share, which had been considered to be the blue chip stock from over 90 dollars to selling in pennies. Enrons code of ethics issued in July 2000 indicated that the responsibility of conducting affairs of the business in accordance with the law, moral and honest manner was in its officers and employees. The code also stated that an employee should not directly or indirectly behave himself in a manner that was detrimental to the companys interests, thus, basing the codes on respect, excellence, integrity, and communication. The officer of Enron did not follow the codes of conduct, as it was stipulated, le ading to its fall. This paper will analyze the accounting systems that never provided the true face of the firm. Enron revenues grew considerably to 101 billion dollars in 2000 until its revelation that appeared to show its problems being not as a result of some core energy operations, but with other ventures. Reasons for the Collapse of Enron a)Accounting Problems The collapse of Enron was not due to its large size, but it was caused by decentralization of its operations to numerous subsidiaries that made it hard to detect when the company was running on losses. The requirement to make public the financial statements that was traded publicly made Enron craft some imaginary statements with its subsidiaries that were masking its true financial statements (Nicholson, 2011). The accounting records of Enron held back the losses it had been making and only stated the assets of its subsidiaries. Thus, the company gained confidence of market financiers who financed its e-commerce ventures. The over reliance of the special-purpose entities (SPE) made the company heavily indebted, thus leading the company to form the partnership with its financiers because it was not possible to finance their debts. The financiers then had to lend funds to the partnership, which were never revealed in the companys balance sheet. This SPE applied all kinds of ventures ev en selling some assets to these partnerships with the management of the company. The SPE used by this company depicted the recklessness and incompetence of its management team without even disclosing the existence of the SPE. The company used derivatives that did manipuate the results of the companys accounting and the need for full disclosure of the financial statements applying the set standards of accounting that were not followed. The markets, in which Enron traded, were never regulated, and thus, the profitability of the company in its derivatives was higher than the financial statements. The offshore entities of Enron were used for planning and tax avoidance in such a way raising the companys profitability. This, in turn, did provide the movement of funds which necessitated the holding back of the disclosure of losses. These offshore entities made the company looking profitable because of doctoring the financial statements where in the real sense the company was losing funds. b)Top Leadership The top executives of Enron were charged with fraud, money laundering and insider trading which were criminal acts. The management of a company is the one responsible for safeguarding the company shareholders interests. Enron management waived the rules of interests and creating a partnership that do business with the company and managing these partnerships by the same management. These executives raised their credibility and adherence to the code of conduct of the company. In any working environment, there are some established rules of effective working. These rules are implemented so as to ensure that the set goals and objectives are achieved in business. One of the main reasons why these rules exist is so as to guide individuals. These guidelines help different individuals to coordinate activities among themselves so as to achieve the expected results. Since the working environment consists of many personalities, they operate as a team. Within the team, there are the established rules on how the team operates. This is extremely vital since it helps in the attainment of these set goals. It also prevents random decisions. The management of Enron engaged into business activities that violated the companys code of ethics. The activities involved trading the volatile earnings not rewarded on the stock market. The management of Enron was the one to bear the responsibility for the collapse of this company as the ethics code stated. They were involved in the creation of partnerships that they managed on their own. Thus, they gave some exceptions from the ethics code of the company and its values, and the visions did not match with the management actions. c)Management culture The collapsing of Enron was not as a result of an accident, but the companys culture of management. This facilitated its downfall through fraud and greed because the company was extorting its consumers. The managementt only focused on the maintenance of values appearance that raised the trading price of its stock instead of relying on the creation of the real value of the company. The company also resulted in replacing employees in their divisions even though the integrity was compromised. It is viewed that the company was leveraging with the administration that allowed the perpetration of frauds. Therefore, the collapse can be attributed as the largest problem of management culture (Nicholson, 2011). d)Auditing issues The federal law requires that auditing a public company should be conducted by an independent auditor. The auditors of Enron were either misled of the actual income of the company which was restated with the losses being reported to be lower than they appeared, or the auditor compromised its independence used in the determination of the nature and the extents of the procedures applied in auditing. Enron did not use an outside auditor and this led to the management not disclosing the real status of the companys assets (Jickling, 2002). The auditor was indicted for the destruction of documents that showed the auditing of Enron. e)Pension Issues Enron was sponsoring its employees benefits. It was later revealed that the retirement stock was even larger than the stock of the company. The companys collapse led to employees losing their values of the retirement benefits. The plan was supposed to allow the participants to have information setting limits on the companys stock that can hold the retirement plan. f)Banking Issues The collapse of Enron was also contributed by the participation of banks as they provided the funding of the offshore ventures. They were also involved in partnering with the company proving funds that were traded off the balance sheet. The banks were also viewed as providing derivatives to other institutions by recommending the companys securities as they were faced with the opportunity of making profits form their deals and the risk avoidance from the bank (Jickling, 2002). Conclusion The management of Enron was never guided by the code of ethics, and, thus, they did not create the ethical environment for the company as the fundamental values of respect, integrity excellence, and communication that were never followed. The collapse of Enron was enhanced by the managements failure to guard the interests of the companys owners. They also used loans to pay the existing loans in supporting the e-commerce ventures. These financiers facilitated the frauds that were being committed to the company. Buy custom Enron essay

Character analysis on Anton Chigurh- No Country for Old Men Essay

Character analysis on Anton Chigurh- No Country for Old Men - Essay Example Apparently, one of the most apparent cases in point is Anton Chigurh, the malevolent icon of the setting of No Country for Old Men. Chigurh is not a person in principle. Rather, he appears to be an ambiguous cultural rendition of Judge Holden of Blood Meridian. Both Chigurh and Judge Holden are more of perfect representations of evil than multifaceted persons. Chigurh is not merely a stereotypical character, but he is represented as well with obviously mystical nuances. However, Sheriff Bell guarantees himself that Chigurh is ultimately not a phantom. The deputy whom Sheriff Bell is talking to rejoins, â€Å"I guess if he was a ghost you wouldn’t have to worry about him† (McCarthy 2005, 299). Nevertheless, the ultimate rendezvous of Bell with Chigurh is eclipsed by the bizarre flight of Chigurh. Although it is possible that Chigurh drives off, the story does not specify the manner he carried out that escape without Sheriff Bell knowing it (Cobb 2005). The evidently myst erious disappearance of Chigurh in the movie is in agreement with the representation in the novel. Chigurh, frequently linked to ‘phantoms’ and ‘evils,’ has a powerful hanging cue of supernatural pragmatism. For instance, Chigurh, as aforementioned, is depicted by Sheriff Bell as a ghost and a devil. Even though he admits to have faith in logical depictions of man, he however indicates that he is beginning to bow over the path of trusting a personified Satan. Bell professes, â€Å"He [Satan] explains a lot of things that otherwise don’t have no explanation† (McCarthy 2005, 218). The sheriff is a sensible person and a contemporary disbeliever; however, in his belief, there is a troubling anxiety that Chigurh simply might be an existing embodiment of Satan. Nevertheless, majority of the novels of McCarthy, No Country for Old Men does not depend on simple imagery. Chigurh does not resemble the Prince of Darkness in any way; at several instances in the

This I believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

This I believe - Essay Example Advice on how to get involved can be obtained from our local churches, non-profit organizations, and governmental institutions. The reason I believe so much in volunteerism is because I have in the past been involved in volunteer work. I use to help out at a local shelter for homeless people. The experience of helping out the poor was very gratifying form me. The act of giving back to the community can help fulfill our souls. I have had some family members that have fallen on some hard times and become homeless. Knowing that there are people out there that are willing to help out the poor by volunteering their time makes me believe that society’s problems no matter how complex can be solved if we put our minds to it. Volunteer work can help out a lot of American families. In the United States there are over 37 million people living under the federal poverty line (Americanprogress). This figure means that nearly 12% of the US population is suffering from poverty. The efforts of volunteers can help become a part of the solution. Volunteer work can also help the sick and the elderly. There are lots of benefits of volunteering. It can help a person increase their skills, gain experience, and expand their network of contacts.

History of Autism Identification

History of Autism Identification Natures Smudged Lines When Kanner published his autism paper in 1943, he felt it was premature at that point to propose a set of criteria for diagnosing the condition he described. To make the pattern visible to his peers, he proposed two essential common characteristics shared by all children with this syndrome. The first was a will to self-isolation, present from birth. The second was a fear of change and surprise. These two characteristics became the diagnostic basis known as classic autism, or Kanners syndrome. In 1961, a British psychiatrist named Mildred Creak led a working party that established a nine-point criteria for the diagnosis of autism, based in part on studies of 100 children she herself had collected. The nine points were: Sustained impairment of interpersonal relationships Unawareness of personal identity Preoccupation with particular objects Striving to maintain sameness Acute anxiety produced by change Abnormal perceptual experience (hearing and vision) Failure to develop speech beyond a limited level Distortion of movement Some learning difficulty, but some islets of particular skills or abilities or knowledge These criteria represented the first set of standardized criteria for the diagnosis of autism, which she called schizophrenic syndrome in childhood. They differed significantly from Kanners two-point criteria and were more difficult to apply in practice. *** In the late 1960s, a young British psychiatrist name Lorna Wing set out to help her husband, John, a schizophrenia researcher at the University of London, compile a database of case records in Camberwell to determine if the National Health Service was providing the families of cognitively disabled children with adequate resources. John and Lorna had a daughter Susie, who was diagnosed with autism when she was three years old in 1959. It didnt take long for John and Lorna to figure out that there were almost no resources in place to support the families of children like their daughter. But fortunately they could send Susie to Sybil Elgars school. Sybil Elgar was a school secretary who was taking a correspondence course to become a Montessori teacher. After visiting an institution for severely and emotionally disturbed children in London in 1958, she started teaching classes for a small group of autistic children in the basement of her house in London. Susie Wing became one of her early students. In 1962, a group of parents from the National Autistic Society converted an old railway hostel in Ealing into the Sybil Elgar School using the money they raised. The Beatles visited the school one afternoon, and John Lennon became one of the schools first major donors and attracted other celebrities to the cause. In the late 1960s, when the Medical Research Council (MRC) asked John Wing to examine the prevalence of autism, he put a graduate student named Victor Lotter on the case. They sent out thousands of questionnaires to schoolteachers, training center supervisors, nurses, and parents in Middlesex and screened the entire population of eight- to ten-year-olds. Basing his selection criteria for autism on Creaks Nine Points, Lotter calculated a prevalence estimate of 4.5 cases of autism in 10,000. A closer look at the numbers reveals several problems. They found that several children had been screened out because they didnt fit Kanners criteria. Suspicious of the validity of Kanners criteria, Lorna Wing took a different approach in analyzing the data. Rather than using a top-down method as Lotter had done, she employed a bottom-up approach, searching for aspects of autistic behavior among children in Camberwell who were already identified as cognitively disabled. She and another MRC researcher named Judith Gould reached out to everyone whose job might bring them in contact with a child with special needs. Just as the Middlesex study predicted, they found only a handful of children in Camberwell 4.9 in 10,000 who met Kanners criteria. But Lorna and Judith didnt stop there. As they made their rounds of the neighborhood, they noticed a much larger group of children who had signs of his syndrome, but were not eligible for a diagnosis under his guidelines. While Lorna was trying to make sense of what she was seeing, she came across a paper by Dirk Arn Can Krevelen arguing that Kanners autism and Asperger syndrome were distinct conditions. After John (who can speak German) translated Aspergers paper for her, she realized that Asperger had seen the same thing in Vienna that she was seeing in Camberwell. Lorne began a quiet but determined campaign to expand the concept of autism to include people who had been excluded from Kanners. To replace Kanners unified syndrome, she proposed the term the autistic continuum. While there were clearly many shades and hues along this continuum, all autistic people seemed to benefit from the same highly structured and supportive educational approaches, just as Asperger predicted. It was apparent that a person could occupy one point on the continuum at a given point in their lives and another point later. Some children, like Susie, would remain disabled into middle age and beyond. But others blossomed in unexpected ways when given an accommodating environment and special consideration by their teachers. In 1981, Lorna codified the condition for Asperger syndrome by writing a case series of her own called Aspergers Syndrome: A Clinical Account. Over time, Lorna would lose her taste for the word continuum and adopted the term autism spectrum.

Bra Boys Analysis

The identity of the Bra Boys can be seen through their values and attitudes. They are presented through the Cody, the value of brother ship and Attitude of brother ship through their tattoos and being there for each other. In part 1 of Bra boys, the Boys had taken Jesse Pollock and other younger people on trips to surf. This had been carried on from what the other Bra Boys did for Cody and his friends. This shows their values of their society and community, as they are willing to give the younger generations to toughen up and be free with the surf. This shows htat apart from their devilish side, they also have the value of family and friendship with the younger generation. The Bra Boy’s value towards the beach is shown to be their lifesaver. The beach and surf is everything to them. Sunny Abberton, a Bra boy said â€Å"The surf, had saved so many kids around here, that have led them to a lifestyle of the ocean instead of a lifestyle in crime. † Showing that the beach has saved them on accounts and they have an optimistic value of the beach. Values of the Bra boys is brother ship, as they had each other’s back. When 2 people had a fight with authorities in a party during Christmas, everyone got into the brawl. This shows how the value of being together in the Bra boys is strong. One major values the boys have is having fun with others. In the serious of montages, the Bra Boys are shown to be jumping on each other, setting alight each other and each them jump off the cliffs and even jumping on a bus. This shows that they highly value fun in their lives as they want all the fun. This scene plays with the light hearted tune, this influences the value of fun in the Bra Boys life and their value of belonging as they do what they want and what they believe is right. That is the idenity presented as a Bra Boy. To have fun their own way. Survival and a sense of belonging. The Bra boys values of survival is shown as they survived from various gangs, depression, fights and drugs. They had shown that they want to survive for the beach, as it is their legacy. For the Bra Boys, they showed a sense of belonging by helping each other through tough times and helping the younger generations. The Bra Boy’s identity of attitudes is shown that they have each other backs and that they do not wish to do harm. Their attitudes towards the police is hatred as they were in a fight with the authorities. However, the authorities lost but the media had portrayed them to be the victims. The police thinks the Bra boys as criminals and always suspects them, thus they have a negative attitude towards the police. The attitude towards people similar to the bra boys in the past, cold, hurt ad alone. The Bra Boy’s have the attitude of being there for those to toughen them up and be the Bra boys just as the older Bra Boys did the same thing to them. The attitude towards Ma shows their love and symbolizes what Ma is to them. Their love and kindness in comparison the language used in the other parts of the film shows how they value and their attitude towards their caretaker and the start of the Bra Boys. Their tone and voise is different in comparison to the other tones that is used. Not only that, there is something that is only presented in this scene that the Bra Boys does. This type of body language shows their affectiong and their attitudes towards Ma as she is the most important person to the Bra Boys. They Hugged her.

A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner

In a Rose for Emily, William Faulkner uses a variety of imagery and flashbacks to show the kind of woman Miss Emily is. The towns’ people all know of her based off their accounts and what they have heard of her home. Miss Emily was created to be an exceptional female figure. Feminists have fought for the right of women to be free from the old social restraints which have been in place for so long. A feminist believes a woman should be strong and independent. In some ways the main character, Emily, is this kind of woman, but for the most part she is portrayed as weak and fragile, though she is not.Miss Emily was pretty much a rebel. Miss Emily had written letters from the Mayor and other officials about taxes, which she ignored because she had â€Å"no taxes in Jefferson†. Miss Emily had a Negro house maid, which the mayor Colonel Satoris sought to be wrong. Colonel Satoris definitely proved to be sexist in many ways. Satoris believed â€Å"only women could believe itâ € , speaking about lies that only the men in the town could know the truth too about Emily’s dad. Emily was the ruler of the house, which was beyond social norms in that time. Being the one who ran the house, the woman banished the Mayor, townspeople, and sheriffs from her house. Faulkner proves Miss Emily’s power in many ways throughout the text.

The Problem Of Natural Disasters - 829 Words

Natural disasters are not a new phenomenon, however, as of the last few centuries, human development has driven the amount of and severity of natural disasters up. As a result, there is an increasing amount of people forced to leave their homes to immigrate to other regions of the world to seek asylum. The international community refers to this phenomenon as internal displacement; when natural disasters are the driving force behind the displacement, it’s specifically referred to as environmental displacement. To address an issue like internal displacement, there are many complications to consider. Debates focus on political aspects like treaty compatibility or symmetry between countries, while other scholars argue the importance of†¦show more content†¦For example, in 2014 17.5 million individuals were displaced from their homes due to weather disasters. When this many people are affected by a disaster, relief and recovery efforts should, theoretically, be implemented with ease. However, scholars in the international field debate who has the most responsibility in giving aid and providing asylum. Internal displacement is an issue of increasing importance in the international community, however despite the severity, the international community seems stagnant in deciding how to address the issue. A recent report by the NRC stated that â€Å"Contrary to common assumptions, displacement following disasters [has] become protracted and returning home is not always an option† (NRC). In other words, EDPs won’t always have the opportunity to return home due to lack of legislation and protection. However, as of yet, scholars are unable to address the lacking problem. Narayan Subramanian, Policy Officer for Independent Diplomat and Research Associate for the Environmental Law Institute, and Johannes Urpelainen, Associates Professor of Political science at Columbia University cited McAdam in attributing this problem to non-existent policies that should address cross-border environmental displacement (26). Without pre-existing legislation to act as a basis, policy makers wou ld need to establish anShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Natural Disasters1230 Words   |  5 PagesThe purpose of this paper is to identify one of the more common circumstances about why people panic in disasters. The paper will discuss fear and the lack of knowledge in which it make a person behave differently. Introduction By Webster definition, â€Å"panic† is sudden fear; general hysteria or a cause to become fearful. Webster describes Disaster as an incident of great harm or distress. In my opinion, there are less injuries and deaths if panic would not set in. 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